Fuse setter and rammer



June 1, A DABRASKY ETAL 2,442,401

FUSE BETTER AND HAMMER Filed Jan. 27, 1943 ll Sheets-Sheet 1 June 1, 1948. A. DABRASKY EI'AL 2,442,401

FUSE SETTER AND HAMMER Filed Jan. 27, 194:5 11 Sheets-Sheet 2 11 Sheets-Sheet a Filed Jan. 27, 1943 June 1, 1948. DABRASKY ETAL 2,442,401

FUSE SETTER AND HAMMER Filed Jan. 27, 1943 11 Sheets-Sheet 4 Tigr l.

June 1, 1948. A. DABRASKY ETAL FUSE SETTER AND RAMMER ll Sheets-Sheet 6 Filed Jan. 27, 1943 June 1, 1948. A. DABRASKY EI'AL FUSE SETTEH AND RAMMER 11 Sheets-Sheet '7 Filed Jan. 27, 1943 June 1, 1948. A. DABRASKY ETAL FUSE SETTER AND HAMMER 11 Sheets-Sheet 8 Filed Jan. 2'7, 1943 June 1, 1948. DABRASKY ETAL 2,442,401

FUSE SETTER AND HAMMER Filed Jan. 27, 1943 ll Sheets-Sheet 9 June 1, 1948.

Filed Jan. 27, 1943 A. DABRASKY ET AL FUSE SETTER AND HAMMER 11 Sheets-Sheet 10 June 1, 1948. A. DABRASKY ETAL FUSE SETTER AND HAMMER ll Sheets-Sheet 11 Filed Jan. 27, 1943 Patented June 1, 1948 D; (3., William 'V.

Galen M. Taylor,

A Cooper, Temwasislgnors =to Uhtted shoe- Macnlnery (imposition, l le'tliin'g mm N. J.,-e eorporationof New iensey AmilicationJanuari-Y'l', 1943,'SeriaI No. 4731738 elf-mums. '1

This invention relates to fuse-setting amid-amming mechanisms 'fonbreech-loading guns, and it is herein illustrated as embOdiedlnaTgnn'of the antiaircraft type andfwhile' its fieid "of tree is general, it isparticularly adapted for usewitn explosive shells having time'iuses.

In feeding ammunition toartiliery'of'a substantial size, arrangements have been provided which occupied a fixed positiondn'space and'in which it was necessary to bring the gun'toatbrresponding position before the round of ammunition could be rammed. This sort of an arrange ment, however, considerably delays the firing of repeated rounds andhis nrentically' useless ior antiaircraft guns where the elevationend ncimuth vary so radically as the' target is' tdllbwed.

Furthermore, most shells-are explosive and are provided with time fuses whlch must be set Just before they are rammed. But in' the use'of time shells ior artillery, and especially when followin arapidly movin target, itis essentiai that the gun shall-be fir'ed-as soon otter-the fuseihas best set as it emci'en-tlv'can andeocorumely; it has been common to provide" tose setting dmces which were located ona support close tothe breech of the gun. It'was' tnen necessary mr the gunner to present the around of ammunttinn to the fuse-setting device, tow-ithdraw Lit; and-then 'toinsert itin the breech of the gun. Tifislnitself involved a certain delaydnterval cal-led Mead time during which time the ruse mttlnsusuuliy became incorrect. Furthermnre,I-ior the reason that human beings are not all alike,- there isa varieble dead-time -interval between the-setting of the fuse-and the firingof the gun-wtuch' isrnot of a predictable len'g th.

Consequently, an object of the invention is to devise a gun-serving mechanism in which the dead time will be very small'and will be sub stantially constant. Another obiect ot the invention is to devise a combined fuse setttng-ancl ramming mechanism which may be mountfld directly on the breech of the gun so than-no matter what the elevation or azimuth Inlay beat the minute, only one pnogressive movement on :the

part of the gunner is necessary 'in "presenting a shell, the fuse being set automatically.

In accordance with this object, a featm'e of the invention resides in fuse-setting and ramming devices which act successively upon-a round '60 of ammunition moving along anunbroken path alined at its terminus 'with the bore ofthe -gun. Preferably, and as illustrated, these devices=m'e secured to a breech ring oi? a breech-loadinggun havinga dispiaceable breech'blo'ek.

When the guns" are of sunstantlal' size, they are usually 'sliueblv'mounted'Ton-recoil movement; thus'involving atei'nfic acceleratlon'vfhfch subjects any attachewmecnanicaldevices mosevere stresses. To minimize "such-"stresses," and in'aecordance with another feature or theinvention, only the 'ie'edro'l'ls"andthe1use settliig mechanism are attached directly to the'gun, while the source ofpower and a control mechaninn, interconnected between it"hhd 'the devices on the gt1n,'are'p0sit10ned upon tnegunsupnort, or cradle, 50 that theyare'not'subiect tci'ec'oil movement. As herein "illustrated, the "control mechanism determines 'the speed" ofbperationbf the ramming device and 'also'controls thesettine of the fuse, as well as the cycle'hfsuch'uperations. Accordingly, we havehonnected 'the'hontrol mechanfsm to the 'tuse-settingmrechahtsm and to the ramming "mechanism tymeanrot separable clutches which, when the'gunisindaattery position, are in engagementnnflsefvtsa direct "connection between the device's. when recoil comes, tneseclutches areseparatedimmitting the fuse setting"and"ran'mflng mechanisms'to move with the gun and the control mechanism to stay "unmoved "upon the gun cradle.

in positioning these mechanisms 'upon them "so that the emmunitionnasses'successively from the feeding to the set-nn -me'cnanism; or "thereverse, it is essential that the fuse-setting mechanism should. be "constructed "to' permit passage" of the round throughit after the'fuse-hasheenset. Another feature Of the invention resides in an im roved fuse-setting device a which surrounds tine-shell and 'ha'smovable jaws ce ebie bf'being moved either into'engegemehtwith the rounder out of the path'of the round. gripbfthe 'f'n'se rin ls'efiected, by providing the movable arms, or jaws, with'sharp edgd disks. ils' lnnvein illustrated, the jaws are swinghbiy mounted upon a cage surrounding'the pdth bfmovement of the ammunition; and the cage ismrovided w'ith a sliding ring connected to the ions tohwlng them in and out.

netennmenen of the time settin hf th fuse by regulating the degrees of rotation bf thefiisesettingmechanism and control of I the general cycle: of o erations: oi the frammlng end mse setting mechanisms is effectedbya contrbimechenism supported as previously mentioned-upon the gun cradle. In accordance withvemlous'znmvel features, this comm! m'echamsm pronides' for V "fractional rotation-of a fusemdtting shaft-and adi-ustment 'of the extent of that 'rotation as well as an automatic resetting of the mechanism for successive operations. The control of the cycle of operations is such that a shell is rammed into engagement with the fuse-setting mechanism by a frictionally-operated feed-roll mechanism, and the stalling of this mechanism is utilized to set the fuse-setting mechanism in operation. After the latter has been completed, the ramming mechanism again operates, and at a higher speed, to pass the shell directly into the gun along a path in line with the bore of the gun, thus simplifying the mechanism and reducing the dead time to an extremely short interval.

Another feature of the invention resides in the provision of means for moving the fuse-setting and ramming devices out of the path of the expelled cartridge case and in having these movements effected by the recoil movement of the gun.

In accordance with still another feature, a manually-operated device is provided for rendering the fuse-setting mechanism inoperative when it is desired to ram armor-piercing shells. In this case, the arrangement is such that the feed rolls operate at high speed, whenever they are driven, since the movement of the ammunition into the un is one continuous movement and is not interrupted by the setting of the fuse.

These and other features 01' the invention will best be understood from a consideration of the following specification taken in connection with the accompanying drawing, in which Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the gun on its carriage, showing the relation thereto of the motor, the control devices and the fuse-setting and ramming mechanisms;

Fig. 2 is a vertical section through the breech end of the gun and the ramming and fuse-setting mechanisms taken along the line 11-11 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 3 is a plan view partly in section of these latter mechanisms;

Fig. 4 is a rear elevation of the gun carriage, looking into the ramming mechanism and showing the back end of a control box;

Fig. 5 is a vertical section on the line VV of Fig. 3 with parts broken away and showing the fuse-setting mechanism;

Fig. 6 is a horizontal section through the feed rolls, showing the latter separated as when a cartridge case is being expelled after firing the Fig. 7 is a vertical section through the fusesetting mechanism taken at right angles to Fig. 5 but showing the fuse-setting jaws withdrawn to permit the shell to be passed into the gun;

Fig. 8 is a schematic view of the mechanism contained within the control box and by means of which the sequence of events is determined;

Fig. 9 is a plan view of the control-box mechanism with the cover removed;

Fig. 10 is a vertical section on the line X-X of Fig. 9 to show a clutch shipper;

Fig. 11 is a side elevation, with parts in section, of an escapement mechanism which is taken approximately at the plane XlI-XI in Fig. 9;

Fig. 12 is an enlarged detailed view of an overriding clutch;

Fig. 13 is a vertical section, also enlarged, through a difierential mechanism mounted on the shaft with this clutch;

Fig. 14 is a vertical section approximately on the line XIV-XIV of Fig. 9 and showing particularly the escapement mechanism;

Fig. 15 is a horizontal section taken on the line XV-XV of Fig. 14 and illustrating particularly parts of the fuse-setter-control mechanism;

Fig. 16 is an exploded angular view of the elements of the fuse-setter-control mechanism; and

Fig. 17 is an end view, with parts broken away, of a wrap-around-spring clutch included therein.

The invention has been herein illustrated as applied to an antlaircraft gun In (Fig. 1) slidably supported by rails ll riding in guides i 2 (Fig. 4) forming a part of a cradle it having trunnions i6 tiltable in a suitable support I8. Recoil cylinders 20 and a counter-recoil cylinder 2| are secured to the cradle. The ramming and fuse-setting mechanism comprises sectional castings 22, 24 and 2B which are supported by means of bolts 28, 29 upon the breech ring 30, and this latter is provided with guides for a vertically slldable breechblock 32 (Fig. 2). Power is supplied to these mechanisms from an electric motor 34, through a control box 36, both supported upon the crade, and is transmitted to the fuse-setting mechanism through a coupler 38 (Figs. 3 and 15) and to the ramming mechanism through a separable dog clutch 40. When the gun recoils, the fuse-setting and ramming mechanisms move with it, while the motor and the control box remain fixed upon the cradle M, The arrangement is such that the ammunition is moved along a path, terminating in the gun barrel, and which is not broken and thus does not include any abrupt change in direction.

RAMMING MECHANISM The ammunition is delivered to such a gun in the form of an assembled round (Fig. 2) comprising a shell 42 and an associated cartridge case 44 which has the usual flange 4B. The shell may be of the armor-piercing type, when the fuse will be embodied in a base plug (not shown), or it may be provided with a time iuse having a rotatable setting ring 48 associated with graduations 49. The setting of the fuse is efiected, as later described, while the round is positioned in alinement with the gun barrel, as the ammunition is being presented to the gun and, immediately thereafter, the round is passed into the gun barrel, whereupon the breechblock is closed and the gun fired. With this arrangement, the dead time is nearly all eliminated and what there is of it becomes a substantially fixed quantity. There is necessarily a difference of a fraction of a second between a short fuse-setting requiring, for example, only a ten degree turn and a longer setting which requires a turn of three hundred and fifty degrees but this is not ordinarily considered to be part of the dead time and may be oifset by other uncontrollable variables.

The ramming mechanism herein illustrated is provided with two pairs of feed rolls 58 each of which comprises opposed frusto-conical surfaces of resilient material 52. Each feed roll is provided with a shaft 54 (Fig. 2) mounted in suitable bearings in the arms of a swinging carrier 58. The cooperating rolls 50 of a pair (Figs. 3 and 4) are swung into engagement with the periphery of the round and. are yieldable, in a manner to be described, so that they may cooperate with the varying diameters of the round as it moves into the gun. A cover plate 60 secured to the sectional casting 22 provides a support for a bracket 62 in which are carried idle rolls 64 which assist in centering the round as it is presented to the ramming mechanism. Each feed roll carrier 58, as shown in Fig. 2, swings on a jack shaft 65. Each shaft 66 is supported upon a bearing 68, and those at the right side of the rammer have at their unset ndsebevel gears: 101 withinchousinga II and I3 meshing with similar :gearson- 'a drive shafit'li at the iorwardrend or which: is. onehalf Mos the clu ch Mr this hair being.v splined to the: shaft and-crumble of-1yieldingagainst a spring 14=(Eig 2). The shaft I2 is carried in bearings provided by the sections 22 and 2B and by a lug 1,6-3onwthe breech ring::30. Each jack-shaft 66'has atzits lower end; a pinion l8 meshing with a pin.- lODnBIkOIt; the roll shaft, thereby-to drive the roll. Thelpinions 'I8;on opposite sides of the. rammer are-interconnected. by gears 82 (Figs. 4 and 6). By thissaafrangement, the supply ot power to.the cooperatingrol-ls of a set is independent of the posibiflns of theicarriers, and it will later be shown; that; after firing. the gun,- these carriers; are swung aside to provideairee assage:for'the expulsion of the cartridge case 44, as indicated in Fig. 6. Inasmuch as the feed roll elements containedwithin. the forward section 25 are identical with. those already described, no further descrip-. tion will. be given of these parts, and the same numerals .willhe applied thereto.

Separation. of the. feed roll. carriers is effected by aspring B6(Fig. 2) surrounding a'rod 08 and hearing at one endv against a. collar 90 secured to therodand at itsv forward end against a block 92;; Thisblock is slldable on the rod 06 and has. its lower end threadedto a. rod 94 which is yieldably connected to. the feed roll carriers. This yicldable connection is effected by coil springs I02and. I04, abutting yokes 96 which are joined by. links to arms v9'! on the carriers, and are slidable upon. the rod 94 against bumpers 90 providedin collars I which are secured to the rod 94 The spring I02 ab-utsthe block 92 at one end and a, yoke. 96 at the other end, while the spring I04isinterposed between a sleeve-like collar I00, whichis secured to the rod 94, and the rear yoke 05.; Thissleeve-like collar I06 is, slidable Within a. projection. I08,-bolted to the upper side of the sectioncasting 2.4, which projection I00 serves furthermore as an. anchor for the rod 88. The reduced'forward end III) of the rod 94 is. positioned for. engagement with an abutment H2 formedon the control box 36. Accordingly, when thegun is in battery position, as shown in, Fig. 2; thls.rod.94 is pushed backv against the spring 36, thereby to hold the feed rolls 50 (Fig. 3) resiliently, through springs I02 and I04, against the sidesof the round of ammunition and accommodatingvariations in diameter from point to base. Inward movement of the carriers 58 when no round is between the rolls is limited by suitable stops III and H3 (Figs. 2, 3 and 4). Upon recoil, the already compressed spring 65 expands and, acting through the block 92; moves the rod 94 forward to swing the feed roll carriers out to the position shown in Fig. 6 where there is sufficient space to permit a free passage of the expelled cartridge case 44.

Fuss-Somme MECHANISM The parts of the fuse-setting mechanism which grasp the fuse-setting ring 48 of the shell are contained within the section casting 24. Firm engagement of the mechanism with the ring 40 is eifected by sharp-edged disks I20 (Figs. 2, and 7) mounted in a trio of jaws I22 which are pivotally carried 'on pins I24 extending between arouate portions I which, with the side plates I26 and: I30, go to make up a rotatable cage I3I mounted on ball bearings I32 for rotation around the. of the gun. tionally. held in clampingengagement withthe sections I291; by'means. 0t transverse. bolts- I645 The side platesare fric-..

'I-bezouter 'suriace ofi Iihfir case is cylindrical and tightly frictionally engages the ring I35;

being gripped-by the annuli- I38, and havinga, on its outer surface, parallel peripheral grooves which constitute a rack enabling the ring to be moved along, the axis of the gun from one end to therother of the cage I3I in a manner to be described; Extending betweem thence. ltliiamir theijaws I22 arelinks I42 which, when the. ring I35;is: forward, as in Fig; 2, extend substantially radially: andghold the-disks I2 0 in firm engagement With-10118 fuse ring 48'. When; on the other hand; the ring I35 -is slid to the. position shown in Fig. 7, these arms. I42 are drawn into recesses; prouidedzin the cage so ,thatthey are completely; out of thepath-of the cartridge case 44 as it moves. into,the gun or-when it is expelled after firing,

Fractional rotation ofthe cage I3I around the axis of the gun to set the fuse ring is effected by power delivered toan annular gear I44.formed on theside plate I30. This gear meshes. with a pinion I46'(Fig. 5) within a casing I41 integral, for convenience, with the projection I00; The pinion I46 in turn is driven by a pinion I40: upon an operating shaft I50. for the. fuse. setter. This shaft I50 carries part of the. coupler 36. (Fig, 15) and receives power through the con-. trol box 36 at appropriate times, For slidirm the ring 'I35:upon the cage to move the arms I22 in and out. power is received. from a sliding rack I52 (Fig. 3) meshing with a pinion I 54 on the upper end of a shaft I56 (Fig. 5). This shaft I55 is provided with a pinion I56 meshing-with the ring-like rack I40, and the. shaft serves also to. drive other shafts which are .pnovided with pinions I60 and; I62 so that there is no tendency to cramp the ring upon the cage.

Moron DRIVE Power is supplied from the motor 34 (Fig. 1) which is connected by belts 35 to the forward end. of a drive shaft I (Figs. 8 and 9) contained within the control box 36, (a) to rotate the feed. rolls, thereby to carry the shell into engagement with the fuse-setter Jaws, (b) to turn the fuse setter, thereby to set the fuse in accordance with data. received from a director, (0) to then move. the jaws out of the way, and (d) to drive the feed, rolls at a higher speed, thereby to carry the shell into the gun. The breech is then closed automatically and the gun fired as desired, either automatically (not shown) or manually (not shown). Closure of the breechblock is effected automatically when the flange 46 upon the round of ammunition engages the arms 484 (Fig. 2) of anextractor 486 which is pivoted in the breechblock 32. The consequent rocking of this extractor clockwise moves its trunnions from the locking position shown to a release position in the grooves shown in dotted lines so that a spring (not shown) acting through an arm 40! will raise the breechblock into position to closev the rear end 0f the barrel of the gun ready for firing. Any suitable arrangement may be employed for opening the breechblock 32 afterthe gun has been fired. One such arrangement acts through the arm 01 to lower the block during counterrecoil.

control the sequence of operations, a control mechanism, shown diagrammatically in Rig." 8; is

provided within the control box 36. in this control mechanism, the power of the drive shaft I is transmitted to a subiacent clutch shaft I12 through either a low-speed connection including a countershaft I14 (Figs. 8 and 14), or through a high-speed connection embodying gears I15, depending upon which one of two clutches I10 or I80 is closed by the action of a sleeve I8I splined to the shaft I12 and moved by a speed shipper I82 (Fig. 10). This shipper has a cam roll I03 engaging the track of a cam I84 on a cam shaft I86, and it is pivoted between a bracket I85 and a boss I81. The clutch shaft I12 is provided at its rear end with one part 43 of the dog clutch 40 by means of which power is supplied to drive the fee-d rolls. Also supported on the shaft I12 is a worm gear I88 meshing with a worm on the countershaft I14 and comprising a part of the low-speed drive as well as a part of a differential I90, shown in Figs. 13 and 15.

This differential, by reversing when the feed rolls stall because the shell they are ramming has been stopped in its forward travel by coming against the fuse-setter Jaws, pulls the trigger to start the fuse-setting operation. The diflerential itself comprises a pair of studs I9I supported on the worm gear I58 (Fig, 13) and each carrying a rotor provided with pinions I32 and I94. These rotors are free to revolve upon the studs I9I. Meshing with the inner pinions I92, is a gear I86 which is'keyed on the shaft I12 and, meshing with the pini-ons I94, is a gear I 98 freely rotatable on the shaft and common with one half 200 of a friction clutch 202 having an annular plate 204 spring pressed against a mid plate 203 which is joined by notch and tongue 201 to a sleeve 209 terminating in a ratchet-like rotor 206 which is part of an overriding clutch 205, shown in Fig, 12.. The latter clutch is made up Of pawls 208 slidable in a ring 2I0 and held in engagement with the teeth of the rotor 206 by internal springs 2II resting against a band 2I2 which is received in the slotted ends 2I4 of the pawls.

Fuse-setter shaft On the other side of the control box from the clutch shaft is a fuse-setter shaft 220. Mounted on this shaft for limited angular movement with respect thereto is a controller 222 (Figs. 8,

9 and 16) connected by a wrap-around-spring clutch 224 with a sleeve 226 splined at 229 to the hub 23I of a Worm gear 228 which is constantly rotated by means of a countershaft 230 connecting it through spiral gears 233, 235 (Fig. 14), to the drive shaft I10. Axial movement of the gear 228 along the shaft 220 is prevented by a collar 233' held on the shaft by a pin 235' (Fig. 16), The controller 222 is also known as a release plate and, on it, is a shoulder 232 held by the clutch 224 in engagement with the side face of a block constituting a zero stop 234 which is integral with a transverse stop-shaft 236. When the zero stop 234 is turned out of the way of the shoulder 232, the controller 222 is rotated through a portion of a revolution, carrying with it the fuse-setter shaft 220 and driving, through the gears 238, 239 (Fig. 8), a. fuse-setter coupling shaft 240 which carries a portion of the coupler 38. The stop 234 is moved out of the way of the shoulder 232 by turning the transverse shaft 236, and this is done through a crank 242 on this shaft Joined by a link 244 to a bell crank 246 which in turn is joined by a link 248 to the ring portion 2I0 of the overriding clutch.

Thus, when the feed rolls stall, by reason of the engagement of the shell with the fuse-setter jaws, the difi'erential will cause the rin 210 to be turned counterclockwise, as seen in Fig. 8, the zero stop 234 to be withdrawn, and the fuse to be set. As soon as the fuse has been set, the fuse-setter jaws I22 are withdrawn, as will be later described, and the shell is permitted to pass on into the gun. Thus, the stalling action of the rolls on the differential I is relieved, and the zero stop 234 is drawn back into the path of the shoulder 232 by a tension spring 250 extending between the crank 242 and the bell crank 246, the latter serving also as a suitable fastening place for one end of the spring.

Wrap-around-spring clutch The construction of the wrap-around-spring clutch 224 is shown in Figs. 9, 16 and 1'7 where it will be seen that the spring 25! is cut in a cylinder 252 having a closed end 254 which is held to the shaft 220 by a key 253 (Fig. 17) in a keyway 253. The spring portion of this member closely surrounds the hub sleeve 225 and is contained within a flanged casing 256, to the flange 258 of which the controller 222 is clamped by screws 260. These screws pass through slots 252 permitting adjustment of the position of the controller with respect to the flange by means of an eccentric stud 264 engaging a radial slot 265 in the controller and held by a nut on the opposite side of the flange. The free end of the spring 25I is notched at 268 to receive a pin 210 (Fig. 9) projecting inwardly of the casing 256. On the closed end 254 of the spring cylinder 252 are studs 212 slightly smaller than and received in openings 214 in the controller 222. In assembling these parts, the eccentric 264 is turned until the studs 212, integral with the closed end of the spring, are brought to a position substantially central of the openings 214 in the controller 222 during driving conditions and are moved in a counterclockwise direction (Fig. 17) against one side of these openings 214 when the clutch is released. Booster springs 216 received in notches 218 formed in the casing 256 bear against pins 280 extending radially from the clutch spring sleeve 252. It will be understood that there is a slight constant friction between driven hub sleeve 226 and the spring 25I acting in a direction which would, if it could, rotate the fuse-setting shaft 220 in a counterclockwise direction, as viewed in Figs. 8 and 16, thus holding the shoulder 232 in engagement with the zero stop 234. It is essential, however, in view of the amount of power which is transmitted by this clutch, that the friction between the spring 25I and the sleeve 226 shall not be excessive between successive fuse-setting operations. Accordingly, there has been provided upon the gear 238 (Fig. 8) at the near end of the fuse-setter shaft a cam 21I (Fig. 14) whose periphery is a spiral having its ends joined by a surface 213 which is inclined slightly with respect to a radius of the gear. Resting against the cam is an antifriction roll 215 which is carried by a depending portion of a lever 211 urged downwardly by a spring 219 joined at its lower end to a pin 28I (Fig. 15) on a bracket attached to the control box. The lever 211 is carried by a pin 354 (Fig. 14) This cam 21I is so positioned with respect to the fuse setter shaft that the roller 215 comes to the brink of the upright surface 213 just as the shoulder 1232 of the controller contacts the zero step 234. The spring: 219- is then effective to cause the roller 2T5, dropping down the surface 213, to push the cam and, hence, the fuse setter shaft a very small distance counterclockwise, as viewed in Fig. 14. As a consequence, since the position of the controller 222 cannot change, the spring 25l is unwrapped slightly from the hub sleeve 225 and the friction is lessened. As soon as the zero stop is moved out of the way by the overriding clutch 235, the spring 25l grips the hub sleeve 228 because of the action of the booster springs 215 and the shaft is given a partial revolution from thecontinuously driven countershaft 233 thereby to set the fuse. The extent of this rotation is determined by the setting of a data shaft 282 which has a gear 284 meshing with a pinion pro vided. with a shaft 281 having a handle 285 by means of which it may be turned to a position indicated by a dial 283 in accordance with the desired number of seconds delay in the bursting of the fuse as determined by information received from the director.

Set and reset mechanism The end of the fuse-setting rotation of the shaft 22-!) is determined by engagement of the shoulder 232 on the controller with a stop known asa data pin 2532 which, as later described, is slidable in directions parallel to the shaft 220. The: data shaft 232 forms part of a so-called "setancl-reset" mechanism and is provided with a worm 2B8 meshing with a worm gear 290 free for rotational adjustment on the fuse-setter shaft 228. As will be seen from Fig. 16, this gear 290 is perforated to receive the data pin 292 supported. on an arm 326 carried by a grooved collar 294 which is mounted so that it may slide on the hub 296 of the worm gear 293. When the collar slides, the pin slides with it in the hole' in the gear 293. Ihe previously described turning or the stop shaft 235 (Fig. 8) to start the fuse-setting operation, acts through a gear 298, a rack 390, and a latch 302 to draw a notch 334 (see also Fig. 15) in the latch away from a pin 338 on a lower arm 301 of a shipper 388. This shipper has a yoke provided with shoes 3IB' (Fig. 16) for engagement in the groove 312 of the sliding sleeve 234. shipper yoke is joined by a link 3M to a swinging arm- 313 the movements of which are controlled by a cam 3i8 on the cam shaft I86. The connectionbetween this link 314 and the swinging arm 3l6 includes a slot 323 (Figs. 8 and 9) and a spring 322 so that the data pin 292 will be immediately moved into the path of the controller shoulder 232 as soon as the notch 334 of the lacthis drawn away from the pin 3% of the shipper, this movement being effected by the spring 322. The position of the data pin determines, therefore, the degrees of fractional rotation of the controller 222 and hence of the fuse-setting shaft 223 and, as soon as the shoulder 232 engages the data pin 292, this controller 222 acts as a clutch-release plate, serving to un wrap the spring 25i from the hub 225.

it will be observed from Fig. 9 that the data pin 252 is yieldably supported within a sleeve 3E3 pinned to the arm 323 which forms part ofthe collar 254 which is operated by the shipper 33.2.. The sleeve 324 moves within a sheath 328 which is integral with the worm gear 253 the position of which is determined by turning the worm 288. Since this collar 294 carrying the arm 326 which supports the data pin 292 is loose The uppermost arm of the' upon the hub 296 of the worm gear, the shipper may be operated in any position of the data pin.

0n the stop shaft 235- is a sleeve 330 having rack teeth (Fig.16) whichmesh with a pinion 332 carried on-a vertical shaft 334. Engaging the other side of this pinion 332 is another rack 33Gformed upon a sleeve which is loose on the data shaft 282, thus providing a whiflletree connection between said shafts.

When, in the operation of turning the fusesetter shaft 220,- the shoulder 232 moving counterclockwise strikes the data pin 292, the reaction through thewornt gear 290 tends. to displace the worm 288 .in a. direction axially of its shaft 282. This slight movement is. transmitted through the pinion 332- the vertical shaft 334 which is provided. at its top with av cam 344. This cam operatesthrough an escapement mechanism, to. be described, to cause a. half revolution of the camshaft I as the latter is driven by a plate. friction clutch 346 (Fig. 8) intel-posed. between the cam shaft and a gear 348 free on the cam shaft andconnected to the drive shaft l ll by means of an intermediate shaft 350. To soften the movements of the fuse-setting control mechanism, the lower end .of the vertical cam shaft 334 .is providedwitha gear 333 (Fig. 8) which meshes witha rack formed upon a double-ended piston 340 the ends of which slide in a casing 342 which, in the actual construction, is formedinthe casting. shown .at the bottom of Fig. 14 and which supports the bracket 35 of Fig. 10. This piston 34ll:and.the casing 342 serve as a double-actingdashpot and to thisend the cylinders of casing 342 (Fig. 8) are intercomnected by a passage 343 having an orifice control screw 345.

Escapement mechanism Controlling the cam shaft to produce successive half rotations thereof is an escapement mechanism comprising a ring-like pendulum 352 (Figs. 8, 9, l1 and 14) swinging upon a pivct'pin 354 carried by the box 36' (Fig. 1) and having tapered cam rolls 356 and 353 (Fig. 14). This escapement pendulum has at its lower end a spindle 359 carrying an antifriction roll 36!! which is used when it is-desired to reset the pendulum, and, offset therefrom (Figs. 11 and 14), a lug 362 adapted for engagement with a horizontally positioned latch 364 pivoted on a casting 365 which is attachedto the box 36. The latch has an upward projection 36!; for engagement with the lug 362 and. is pivoted on a pin 363. (Figs. 14 and 15). Depression of this latch to permit the escapement to start the rotation of the cam shaft l36 is effected. by a depending trigger pin 31!) (Figs. 8 and 15) which is hinged on the end of a lever 312 parallel to the drive shaft. The lever 312 is pivoted in turn on fixed pin 314 and has an. overhanging end with an adjustable screw 316. This screw rests against theupper side of a lever 318 which is also pivoted on the pin 314 and is provided with a. roll 383 resting on the upper surface of the cam 344 which is moved by the set-and-reset mechanism. A spring 382 (Fig. 14) supports the latch 334 in position toengage the escapement pendulum and hold it in. the position shown in Fig. 14. The pendulum is held against the lug 363 on the latch by means of a tensioned. coiled spring 384 tending always to turn the pendulum in a clockwise direction so that the roll 380 would move to the left in that figure.

These half rotations of the cam shaft. started by swings of the pendulum, do a number of things. One of them follows the fuse-setting operation and is eflective, through the cam 3I9, to recock the shipper 399,. thereby to pull the data pin 292 out of the path of the shoulder 232 and to allow the fuse-setter controller to return to starting position. In so doing the controller shoulder 232 will, by impact with zero stop 234, axially displace the stop shaft 236 to bring it back to its original position and, by reason of the coaction of the racks 339 and 336 with the intermediate gear 332, it will move the worm 288 and hence carry the data pin 292 to its preset starting position. It also operates the shipper I92 to drive the feed rolls at high speed, 1100 R. P. M., for example, instead of 290 R. P. M. at low speed, and furthermore it turns an eccentric 399 which is surrounded by a strap 392 (Figs. 8 and 9) attached to a connecting rod 394 which is pivotally connected (Fig. 15) to a rack 399. The motion of the rack is transmitted, around a corner of the control box, by means of a double segment 399, to draw back into the box a rod 499 which lies at the lower left-hand corner of the control box, as shown in Fig. 14, and thus permits withdrawal of the fuse-setting jaws I22 to the position shown in Fig. '7.

Later, during recoil of the gun, the escapement pendulum is returned to the low-speed position and latched, this movement having been caused by the action of a cam block 424 carried by a counter-recoil builer rod 428 as it is moved rearwardly by a spring in the recoil buffer unit 2|. This recocking of the escapement pendulum will cause a second half revolution of the cam shaft, causing the speed shipper I92 to shift back to its low-speed position. At the same time, the cam lever 3l6 swings forwardly so that the shipper 399 will be free to move the data pin 292 into the path of the shoulder 232 when tripped by the differential in the following cycle. It will also cause the rod 499 to again project from the control box in order to close the fuse laws as the gun returns to battery position.

Fuse-setter-jaw movements The rod 499 is in alinement with a rod 492 (Fig. 3) connected to the fuse-setter jaws and slidably mounted in brackets 494 and 499. Bracket 494 is on the breech ring and the other one is on the section 26 containing one set of feed rolls. This rod 492 is normally pushed forwardly of the gun by means of a surrounding jaw-release spring 498 and, when so pushed forward, it will carry with it the rack I52 (see also Fig. 5) which slides the rack-like sleeve I49 (Fig. 7) surrounding the fuse setting cage and causes the fusesetting jaws to be withdrawn. The rear end of the rod 492, at the left in Fig. 3, is positioned within a case 4l9, forming part of the rack I52, and in which there is threaded a hollow cylinder 2. The cylinder 402 contains a spring 4" the compression of which, adjusted by a screw M6, is such that normally it does not yield. If the fusesetting jaws are accidentally obstructed by some foreign body as the gun returns to battery, this spring 414 will yield and avoid breakage of the parts associated with the opening and closing of the fuse-setting jaws. Threaded on this cylinder 2 are bumpers 418 and 429 provided with brass rings adapted to engage the opposite ends of a guide bracket 422 which is integral with the rear section 22. Thus in one position of the ecentric 399 (Fig. 8) the rod 499 will be effective to push the rod 492 into the position shown in Fig.

3 where the fuse-setting jaws are in their inner position ready to catch a shell as it is fed to them. In its other position, the eccentric 399 draws back the rod 492 into the control box, upon the spri 98 (Fig. 3) withdraws the fuse-setting jaws so that the shell may be pushed forward into the gun, and this takes place at approximately the same time as the speed of the feed-roll drive is increased.

After these operations during which the escapement pendulum 352 has remained at the left. there comes a time, as mentioned above, when it is desired to swing it back to its original position where it will be again caught by the latch 394. This is effected by means of the block cam 424 having a vertical'cam surface 429 (Figs. 14 and 15). This cam is secured to a rod 429, which is an extension of the piston rod of the counterrecoil bufl'er 2|, shown in Fig. 1, and passes through the control box 36. This rod has, at its rear end, a buifer pad 425 resting against a lug 423 projecting up from the breech ring 39 (Figs. 3 and 15) and, at its front end, a coupling 429 (Fig. 1) for coaction with a. coupling on said piston-rod portion of the counter-recoil mechanism 2|. To support the cam 424 against turning, it rides on guide arms 42! attached to a castin 365 (Fig. 11). During recoil, the breech ring moves away from the pad 425 and thereupon a spring (not shown) in the counter-recoil buffer 2| moves the rod rearward, whereupon the cam 424 becomes effective to reset the escapement. As the pressure of the cam 424 against the roll 369, as well as that of an escapement cam 459, to be described, may be considerable, a thrust plate 439 is provided (Fig. '15) the edge of which forms a surface bearing for a thrust roll 43! also carried by the depending spindle 359 which supports the roll 399, thereby to prevent the escapement pendulum from being cramped upon its pivot 354.

Control reset for armor-piercing shells The escapement pendulum is also provided with a resetting roll 432 upon the upper end of an arm 434 (Fig. 14) integral with the pendulum, and this roll is in the path of movement of a stub pin 436 projecting from the inner end of a hand crank 439 carried by a cover 439 of the control box and having a latched handle 449. When it is desired to utilize the mechanism for armor-piercing shells, so that no fuse-setting operation is involved, the handle 449 is turned from the position shown in Figs. 9 and 14 to a position in which the stub pin 436 passes over the roller 432 without results, and then rides up upon the cam surface 442 of a lever 444 pivoted on the control box and normaly held up by a spring 446. The lever 444 has a depending, bent triggerpin 449, the lower end of which is reduced and passes through a hole in the latch 364. As the latch is thus tripped, the spring 384 becomes effective to hold the escapement pendulum to the left, instead of holding it in the latched position shown in Fig. 14. When it is desired to return to fuse setting, the handle is returned to the position shown in that figure and the stub pin 436 allows the pin 449 to be raised by the spring 449, rendering the latch 364 effective as it is lifted by spring 382, and at the same time it rides back over the roll 432 and pushes the escapement pendulum into the position of Fig. 14 where it is caught and held by the latch.

Escapement cam This escapement is made effective to control E3? the rotation of the cam shaft I65 by its cooperation with a. cam 45!] (Fig. 11) splinedltoslide on the cam shaft and controlling the switched-trifle tion clutch 34% of Fig. 8:which.is alplactaclutch interposed-between the gear-388 .and the cans-650;

The latter has a subsmnti-allyradial: carmsurface 452, the contourofwhich is shown in dotted lines in Fig. 9, cooperating withoneor the other of the conical rolls- 356, 358 onthe escapement pendulum. This cam 4581s pressed by a spring El toward the position to rendenthteclutchfllfi effective. When, however. the roll- 358 (Fig. 14;)- rides up on. the land 453 and then eventually comes into engagement with airstrip-portion. 454 (Fig. 9) of the cam surface-452, this spring 45f. iscompressed between the slidablecam fln and the cam we on thecam shaft and theclutch 3&6 openedafter a. half rotation-optics. shaft; As soon as the latch 361315 'depressedghoweven, the pendulum swings. theroll 353i;- withdrawn; and; the clutch 34.5 is closed-,: whereuponlthe. cam; shaft will rotate a halt revolution. Before-this is completed the swinging. of; the pendulum; brings cam. rolluiifiliuagainstxthe. cam: suri'ace. whereupon the roll. rides up: thescurved; surfaces; and stops the cam shaft and abuts the StODSl-ll'r face .4512 upon; the cam;.thus relieving the mine of the friction clutchlisfl.

The lubrication: of: the parts containemwithln: thecontrol box. 16 is efiectedvbpmeans of, an: oil pumpdfie (Fig. 14) which-circulates; the-oil: from: a. sump 45a through suitable pipes 4801;. do livering'oil'to those portions which require lubri cation.

Coupler InFlgl i is shown. the actual, construction of the coupler38 interposedbetween. the coupling shaft 248 andv the shaft lili (Figs. 3 and 5) which is arranged .to rotate. the cage containing the fuseesetting jaws. The coupling shaft. 220. carrye ing the slightly helical gear 239 is slidable axially for a short distance-within: asleeve 4E2 carried. in the rear. wall of, the control box 36.. This coupling shaft 240. is hollowedto receiue a spring 464 and. a thrust plunger 4% resting against the spring. This plunger has an. antifiziction ball. #68 which rests. against ahead. of a pin. 4'10. positioned in the casting 412 at the end of. which: the lower end of the vertical shaft v33 lis supported... The force of the spring 464 is received by a. thrust bearing 414.. At its. outer, and hence its. rear. end. the coupling shaft 240 has external teeth 416 havin tapered ends. Al; the endof. the counter recoil, these teeth are adapted, to be received between the teeth 418 ,formedon their!- slde of a cup 480 splined to the shaftl'il! and spring-pressed forwardly by a surrounding spring 482.

In case the teeth 416 do not freely enter the spaces between the teeth 418 but meet endto end. then the spring MM will allow a slight end wise movement of the shaft 2%;and its gear 239, having slightly helical .teeth, will: slide on the. teeth of the meshing gear and impart a. fraction of a turn to the shaft 250." This will disturb the end-to-end engagement of the teeth and force the shaft 242 to slip into mesh with the cup 483.

SEQUENCE or Or'cm'nous Assuming that the gun isin battery-position with the breechblock lowered, the fuseesetterjaws closed and thefeed-roll brackets swungiin. so, that the. rolls are reads; to, engage a. shell, a roundis presented to. the c1111.. being entered be.-

re: tweenv the feedrolls under theguidance of the supporting 13011.64 at the. rear end, whereupon. it. w-tlhbmseizedibp the tfirstset of feed rolls which arc-rotatinsxat. avlowlspecd. of the order of 200 R; P. M2: As. soon asthosheli strikes and is stopped by the since-setting jaws, the feed rolls stall,. slipping: the clutch IHitand causing the differentialulflllito operate. This serves to turn the overriding. clutch 2li5ncocntcrc1ockwise as viewed. in Fig. 8', therebyto turn the shaft 236 (Figs. 8.and.;16 This partial rotation of shaft 236 acts through rack 300 and bell crank. 302 to release pin 336 from the notch 384., thus allowing-thc shipper 3lla'to be actuated by spring 322 to thrust the data pin 292 forward. Substantialiysimultaneously the zero stoplug 234 is disengaged'from the shoulder 232 on the fuseclutoh -release plate, or controller, 222. The wraparound spring clutch 224 then is able to turn. the controller 222 counterclockwise until the shoulder 232icontacts the data pin 292. In this tuming movcment of the controller 222 and clutch 224:, the shaft 220 will be fractionally rotalied'. alsoand, through the coupling 38 and the shait I ,1 will set the fuse. When the shouh der 232 bangs. against this data pin 292, it turns theinputedata. worm gear 280 slightly, slidin the data shaft'282 sufiiciently (about a half inch) to turn the vertical; shaft 334 and, by the cam 344, to. unlatchtheescapement.

At thistime.-the camshaft I86 turns through a. half revolution, whereupon the speed shipper l'st'opens' the low-.speed driuing clutch I18. and closes the. high-speed; driving clutch I so that the feed rollsa tunn: at higher speed, such as 1100 RLP. M.. At these-me time, the action of the cam 3tll,=:which is on the cam. shaft, will be to pull the data. pin 292 out of engagement with the controller shoulder. 232.: and the eccentric 390 will release the fusc-setting jaws. As soon as the data pin 2921' is pulled aside, the fuse-clutchrelease; plate, or. controller. 222 will be free to turn.- until. thcshoulder 232. comes backto its starting-position;forcibly striking the zero stop lug. 234; This will shift axially the shaft 236, the rack, 33B? and turn the gear 332 to-rcturn. the worm 288, and hence the data pin. 292, to its preset'star-ting position. This movement is retorded by the action of the corresponding dash pot 342.

Thn fuse setter jaws having been withdrawn and-themed relic drlvcn'at high speed, the roundis zcarriodforward into the gun. In so doing; the breechblcckswill be closed, as described heretoiore; Thecfinine pin l83--maythen be. operated and, as the shot is fired, the gun will start to recoil. Thiswill disengage the clutch-4G which drives the. feedl rolls. thereb allowing them to slowdown and; at the-same-timc, the spring 85 will=v be cfiective to swingthe feed rolls open.

As soomassthc-gunl starts to recoil, a spring within, thecountei recoihbufler cylinder-expels the countec-rcooilrbufier rod 428, whereupon the movement of. the block: cam- #24 on this red will be efieetiveto'resct the escapement pendulum 352.. This will cause the cam shailt to turn. through a second half revolution, operating the speed shippertoclosethe lowspeed drive clutch I18 and,. working through. the eccentric 390. to project the rod Murearwardly from the. control box. A1s0, cam. twill. push. the linic 3M reallward lac-allow. latch 302 to return behind pin 395. thus resettingthe. data; pin 282 and, withdrawing ini om thcpath QLstopZSZ. readyto be released whenlatchjfll lsflgflml Withdrawn.

During counter-recoil, the breechblock will open and the empty shell will be ejected, passing between the then separated fuse-setter jaws (Fig. 7) and the feed rolls, separated as in Fig. 6. Then, at the end of counter-recoil, the fuse-setterjaws will be closed by the engagement of the rod 402 with the projecting rod 400. Similarly, rod 94 of the ramming mechanism will strike the abutment H2 on the control box 36, and the ramming will be moved inwardly to operative position, tuming at low speed as the parts of clutch 40 reengage.

If, on the other hand, the control handle 438 has been moved into position for firing armorpiercing shells, then, at the end of counter-recoil, the feed rolls will start turning at high speed. During the recoil of the gun, the spring-pressed counter-recoil buffer rod 428 operates through the cam 424 to reset the escapement pendulum to its low-speed position. However, under these conditions, the latch at that time is being held out of position to hold the pendulum by reason of the fact that the cam 344 is still depressing the trigger pin 310. Consequently, during counter-recoil, the escapement pendulum is allowed to return to the high-speed position under the action of its spring 384. As a result of these movements of the pendulum, the cam shaft goes through two half revolutions, the first half during recoil and the second half during counterrecoil. This action, however, does not affect the control mechanism because the movements .of the shipper I82 are ineffective to cause any change in the speed of the feed rolls due to the fact that the portions of the clutch 4B are separated. Similarly, the rod 400 may be moved without affecting the fuse setter, because of that separation. Since the feed rolls cannot be stalled at that time by reason of the fact that there is no shell in engagement with the fuse setter, such a change from high speed to low speed will have no effect on the connecting rod 248, and the swingin lever 3H5 will have no effect upon the shipper 308 because the latter will then be latched in its inoperative position and the movement of the lever will be taken up in the slot 320 of the connecting link.

Having described our invention, what we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. In combination, a breech-loading gun, a ramming device for passing a round of ammunition along a path terminating in the gun barrel, a fuse setter constructed and arranged to interrupt the movement of the ammunition in that path and thereby to stall the ramming device, automatic means responsive to the stalling of said device for operating the fuse setter through a predetermined path to set the fuse, means for terminating the interruption caused by the fuse setter, and automatic means for completing the ramming operation at a higher speed.

2. In combination, a breech-loading gun having a displaceable breechblock, a fuse setter adjacent to the breech of the gun, a ramming mechanism alined therewith, means for operating said ramming mechanism to deliver a round of ammunition to the fuse setter and thence to the gun, means for operating the fuse setter to set the fuse comprising means for stopping a round at the fuse setter and for maintaining it in that position during the fuse-setting operation, said first operating means acting subsequently to actuate the ramming mechanism to complete the operation by passing the round into the gun, and

means for automatically closing said breechblock.

3. In combination, a breech-loading gun having a dlsplaceable breechblock, a fuse-setting device surrounding the path of movement of a round of ammunition presented to the gun, feed rolls for delivering the round to the fuse-setting device and for subsequently ramming the round into the gun, parts of said fuse-setting device in one position being in the path of said round and thereby operative to stall said feed rolls, control mechanism for driving said feed rolls at a low speed as they present the round to the fuse setter, means forming a part of said control mechanism and responsive to the stalling of the feed rolls when the round engages the fuse setter for starting the fuse-setting movement, said control mechanism also including means responsive to the completion of the fuse setting operation for driving said feed rolls at a high speed to complete the ramming operation by delivering the round to the gun, and automatic means for, closing the breechblock upon the arrival of the round in the gun.

4. In combination, a breech-loading gun, a driven fuse-setting and ramming mechanism secured to the breech of the gun, said ramming mechanism passing a round of ammunition along an unbroken path leading to the breech of the gun, and a preset control mechanism connected to and determining the operation of the fusesetting and ramming mechanism, automatically to set the fuse of said round of ammunition while the latter is in the path of the ramming mechanism and before it is delivered to the gun.

5. In combination, a gun support, a gun slidably mounted on the support for recoil movement, a fuse-setting mechanism, a ramming mechanism for presenting a round of ammunition to said fuse-setting mechanism, said mechanisms being supported in tandem relation to one another on the breech of the gun for recoil movement therewith, a power-operated control mechanism on the gun support for driving said fuse-setting and ramming mechanisms, and separable means for transmitting power from said control mechanism to the fuse-setting and ramming mechanisms when the gun is in battery position, said control mechanism operating automatically to cause the fuse-setting and ramming mechanisms to act successively to present a round of ammunition to the fuse setter, to set the fuse, and then to deliver the round by a continued movement in the same direction into the breech of the un.

6. In combination, a breech-loading gun and fuse-setting and ramming devices mounted on said gun, said devices being constructed and arranged to act successively upon a round moved by the ramming devices in a single direction along an unbroken straight path alined at its terminus with the bore of the gun and to act upon the round to set the fuse while it is in that path.

7. In combination, a breech-loading gun having a breech ring and a displaceable breechblock, successively acting, alined fuse-setting and ramming devices secured one behind the other to said breech ring, and means for driving said devices operative to cause their successive operation on the round while it lies in an unbroken path terminating in the barrel of the gun.

8. In a breech-loading gun, a rotatable annular fuse-setter mechanism open at both ends and alined with the bore of the gun, said mechanism comprising withdrawable round-engaging members engageable with a round of ammunition while 

